Physics 221B
Quantum Mechanics
Spring 2012
University of California, Berkeley
- Instructor: Robert Littlejohn
- Office: 449 Birge
- Office Hours: Friday 1-2
- Telephone: 642-1229
- Email: physics221@wigner.berkeley.edu
TA: Austin Hedeman, Office Hours 3-4 Thu, Room 443 Birge austin@wigner.berkeley.edu
-
- Lecture: 9 Lewis
- Time: MWF 9-10
- Discussion Section 1: Wed 2-3, 75 Evans
(probably to be canceled)
- Discussion Section 2: Tu 4-5, 105 Lattimer
(probably to be canceled)
- Recommended text: J. J. Sakurai, Advanced Quantum Mechanics.
-
The 221A web site for Fall 2011 is here.
- Final Exam: Oral, Monday, May 7 to Friday, May 11
Organization and Logistics
The email address for this course is physics221@wigner.berkeley.edu.
Use this to send me emails if you have any questions etc. Also, I
maintain an email mailing list for the course, and use it to send out
announcements, corrections to homework assignments, etc back to you.
If you received an email from me on Tuesday, January 16, then you are on
the email mailing list and do not need to do anything. If you did not
receive an email from me, then send an email to the course email
address (above) and ask to be added to the mailing list (you do not
need to be enrolled). If you drop the course or don't want to receive
any more announcements, send an email to this address with a request
to be dropped.
The course web
site (this site) will be used to post lecture notes, special
notes, homework assignments, and homework solutions.
There will be no discussion section during the first week. I will
probably cancel both official discussion sections and hold ours in the
Panic room, Thursdays 2-3, just as last semester.
Prerequisites for
this course include graduate standing, Physics 221A, and a background
in special relativity such as taught in Physics 209. Students who do
not have this background are required to get instructor's approval
before enrolling. In particular, this applies to all undergraduates wishing to
take the course.
The grade will be
based on homework and a final exam. I am planning an oral final exam
this semeter. Later I will ask students to sign up for time slots for
the oral during the week of May 7 to 11.
Weekly homework
assignments will be made available on this web site (usually)
by Saturday of each week, and will be due at 5pm on Friday
afternoon of the following week. Homework should be turned in in the
221B homework box in 251 LeConte (the reading room).
I'm scheduling the discussion section on Thursday, so it will be one
day before the homework is due (on Friday).
Late homeworks will
be accepted up to one week late at 50% credit. Homeworks more than one
week late will not be accepted. Please do not ask the reader to take
late homeworks. Exception: Each student is allowed one free late
homework (up to one week late) during the semester, no questions
asked.
Students are encouraged to
work together on homework, and to trade ideas. There is no
better way to learn. However, it is expected that the work you turn in
is your own work in your own words. It is not legal just to copy
someone else's solutions. It is also strictly illegal to look at or use solutions from
any previous version of this course from earlier years. You can't
find those solutions anyway without going to some trouble.
The text for the course, Modern
Quantum Mechanics, by J. J. Sakurai, was chosen because of its
good selection of topics, because of the generally deep perspective it
takes in developing the subject, and because of his good physical
perspective. Unfortunately, the explanations in the book are often
poor and sometimes wrong; this seems to be due to the fact that
Sakurai died before he could put his book into order. (His other book,
Advanced Quantum Mechanics,
which we will use in Physics 221B, is much better.) To make up for
these deficiencies, most weeks there will be lecture notes made
available which will supplement the readings from the text.
The content of Physics 221A is mostly a review of undergraduate
quantum mechanics, presented from a deeper point of view and with a
different emphasis. Some new topics are also presented. Physics 221B
presents much new material, including an introduction to field theory
and relativistic quantum mechanics. The course will have an emphasis
on atomic physics that gradually turns into particle physics.
Movies for some
of the lectures are available due to the efforts of Eric Corsini.
Lecture notes
will be available in one of two forms. For some lectures I have
typed-up notes. For those lectures without typed notes, I will usually
try to supply hand-written notes, although I don't guarantee how
closely they will follow the actual lectures. Nevertheless, it should
be possible to get by without taking notes in class. Do not be afraid
to interrupt the lecture to ask questions.
- Friday, August 26, 2011: Notes 1, pp. 1-13.
- Monday, August 29, 2011: Notes 1, pp. 13-26.
- Wednesday, August 31, 2011: Notes 1, pp. 26-31, Notes 2,
pp. 1-4.
- Friday, September 2, 2011: Notes 2, pp. 4-14.
- Monday, September 5, 2011: Labor day holiday.
- Wednesday, September 7, 2011: Notes 3, pp. 1-17.
- Friday, September 9, 2011: Notes 3, p. 18, Notes 4,
pp. 1-8.
- Monday, September 12, 2011: Notes 4, pp. 8-20, Notes 5,
pp. 1-4.
- Wednesday, September 14, 2011: Notes 5, pp. 4-17.
- Friday, September 16, 2011: Notes 5, pp. 17-20, Notes 6,
pp. 1-4, Notes 8, pp. 1-5.
- Monday, September 19, 2011: Notes 8, pp. 5-13.
- Wednesday, September 21, 2011: Notes 8, pp. 13-17,
Notes 9, pp. 1-5.
- Friday, September 23, 2011: Notes 10, pp. 12-15, Notes 11,
pp. 1-6.
- Monday, September 26, 2011: Notes 11, pp. 6-16 (skip
Sec. 14).
- Wednesday, September 28, 2011 (first lecture): Notes 12,
pp. 1-10.
- Wednesday, September 28, 2011 (second lecture): Notes 12,
pp. 10-16 (skip Sec. 12), Notes 13, pp. 1-5.
- Friday, September 30, 2011: Notes 13, pp. 5-13.
- Monday, October 3, 2011: Notes 13, pp. 13-15, Notes 14,
pp. 1-5.
- Wednesday, October 5, 2011: Notes 14, pp. 11-17.
- Friday, October 7, 2011: Notes 14, pp. 17-18, Notes 15,
pp. 1-10.
- Monday, October 10, 2011: Notes 15, pp. 10-12, Notes 16,
pp. 1-7.
- Wednesday, October 12, 2011: No lecture.
- Friday, October 14, 2011: No lecture
- Monday, October 24, 2011: Notes 17, pp. 10-12, Notes 18,
pp. 1-6.
- Wednesday, October 26, 2011: Notes 18, pp. 6-17.
- Friday, October 28, 2011: Notes 18, pp. 17-25, Notes 19,
pp. 1-4.
- Monday, October 31, 2011: Notes 19, pp. 4-11, Notes 20,
pp. 1-6.
- Wednesday, November 2, 2011: Notes 20, pp. 6-17.
- Friday, November 4, 2011: Notes 20, pp. 17-19, Notes 21,
pp. 1-8.
- Monday, November 7, 2011: Notes 22, pp. 1-12.
- Wednesday, November 9, 2011: Notes 22, pp. 12-15,
Notes 23, pp. 1-6.
- Monday, November 14, 2011: Notes 23, pp. 6-15, Notes
24, pp. 1-2.
- Wednesday, November 16, 2011: Notes 24, pp. 2-8.
- Friday, November 18, 2011: Notes 24, pp. 9-10, Notes 26,
Notes 27, pp. 1-5.
- Monday, November 21, 2011: Notes 27, pp. 5-13.
- Tuesday, November 22, 2011: Notes 28, pp. 1-8.
- Wednesday, November 23, 2011: Notes 28, pp. 8-16.
- Monday, November 28, 2011: Notes 28, pp. 16-18, Handwritten notes,
pp. 1-8.
- Wednesday, November 30, 2011: Rest of handwritten notes,
Notes 25, pp. 1-7.
- Friday, December 2, 2011: Notes 25, pp. 7-11.
- Wednesday, January 18, 2012: Notes 32, pp. 1-7.
- Friday, January 20, 2012: Notes 32, pp. 7-14.
- Monday, January 23, 2012: Notes 32, pp. 14-18, Notes 33,
pp. 1-4.
- Wednesday, January 25, 2012: Notes 33, pp. 4-8.
- Friday, January 27, 2012: Notes 34, pp. 1-8.
- Monday, January 30, 2012: Notes 34, pp. 8-15.
- Wednesday, February 1, 2012: Handwritten notes,
pp. 1-11.
- Friday, February 3, 2012: Handwritten notes,
pp. 11-16, Notes 35, pp. 1-5.
- Monday, February 6, 2012: Notes 35, pp. 5-13.
- Wednesday, February 8, 2012: Notes 35, pp. 13-23.
- Friday, Februray 10, 2012: Notes 36, pp. 1-11.
- Monday, February 13, 2012: Notes 36, pp. 11-14, but you can skip
the material on the T-matrix, and Notes 38, pp. 1-11.
- Wednesday, February 15, 2012: Notes 38, pp. 11-21.
- Friday, February 17, 2012: Notes 38, pp. 21-27.
- Monday, February 20, 2012: No class.
- Wednesday, February 22, 2012: Notes 40, pp. 1-6.
- Friday, February 24, 2012: Notes 40, pp. 6-15, but skip the
material on the orbital angular momentum of the field.
- Monday, February 27, 2012: Rest of Notes 40, Handwritten notes.
- Wednesday, February 29, 2012: Notes 41, pp. 1-6.
- Friday, March 2, 2012: Notes 41, pp. 6-11.
- Monday, March 12, 2012: Continuation of notes from last Friday,
pp. 2-14.
- Wednesday, March 14, 2012: Continuation of notes from last Friday,
pp. 14-22; Handwritten
notes, pp. 1-8.
- Friday, March 16, 2012: Rest of notes from Wednesday, pp. 8-23.
- Monday, April 2, 2012: Notes from Friday, March 23, pp. 13-19;
Handwritten notes on the
Gordon decomposition of the current.
- Wednesday, April 4, 2012: Sakurai, pp. 112-118, on Heisenberg
equations of motion for a free particle and the Zitterbewegung.
- Friday, April 6, 2012: Bjorken and Drell, pp. 47-52 (on the
Foldy-Wouthuysen transformation), and Handwritten notes on the
same subject.
- Monday, April 9, 2012: Sakurai, pp. 131-134 on hole theory; Handwritten notes on the
classical Lagrangian and Hamiltonian formulation of the Dirac equation,
pp. 1-3.
- Wednesday, April 11, 2012: Rest of notes from Monday, plus more Handwritten notes on the
second quantization of the Dirac equation, pp. 1-4.
- Friday, April 13, 2012: Notes from Wednesday, pp. 4-14.
- Monday, April 16, 2012: Notes from last Wednesday, pp. 15-16; Handwritten notes, pp 1-5.
- Wednesday, April 18, 2012: Notes from Monday, pp. 5-10.
- Friday, April 20, 2012: Rest of notes from Monday.
- Monday, April 23, 2012:
Notes on second order time-dependent perturbation theory; more notes, a continuation of
notes from last week, now working on e+e- pair annihilation.
- Wednesday, April 25, 2012:
Notes, continuing with e+e- pair annihilation.
- Friday, April 27, 2012: Remainder of notes from Wednesday.
Homework
assignments
will normally be made available on this web site by Friday or Saturday of
each week, and will be due at 5pm on Friday of the following week in
the 221A homework box in 251 LeConte (the reading room).
- Homework 1, due Friday, September 2 at 5pm, in postscript or pdf
format.
- Homework 2, due Friday, September 9 at 5pm, in postscript or pdf
format.
- Homework 3, due Friday, September 16 at 5pm, in postscript or pdf
format.
- Homework 4, due Friday, September 23 at 5pm, in postscript or pdf
format.
- Homework 5, due Friday, September 30 at 5pm, in postscript or pdf
format.
- Homework 6, due Friday, October 7 at 5pm, in postscript or pdf
format.
- Homework 7, due Friday, October 14 at 5pm, in postscript or pdf
format.
- Homework 8, due Friday, October 21 at 5pm, in postscript or pdf
format.
- Homework 9, due Friday, October 28 at 5pm, in postscript or pdf
format.
- Homework 10, due Friday, November 4 at 5pm, in postscript or pdf
format.
- Homework 11, due Monday, November 14 at 5pm, in postscript or pdf
format.
- Homework 12, due Friday, November 18 at 5pm, in postscript or pdf
format.
- Homework 13, due Monday, November 28 at 5pm, in postscript or pdf
format.
- Homework 14, due Monday, December 5 at 5pm, in postscript or pdf
format.
- Homework 15, due Monday, December 12 at 5pm, in postscript or pdf
format.
- Homework 16, due Friday, February 3 at 5pm, in postscript or pdf
format.
- Homework 17, due Friday, February 10 at 5pm, in postscript or pdf
format.
- Homework 18, due Friday, February 17 at 5pm, in postscript or pdf
format.
- Homework 19, due Friday, February 24 at 5pm, in postscript or pdf
format.
- There is no homework due next week (on Friday, March 2).
- Homework 20, due Friday, March 9 at 5pm, in postscript or pdf
format.
- Homework 21, due Friday, March 16 at 5pm, in postscript or pdf
format.
- Homework 22, due Monday, April 2 at 5pm, in postscript or pdf
format.
- Homework 23, due Friday, April 6 at 5pm, in postscript or pdf
format.
- Homework 24, due Friday, April 13 at 5pm, in postscript or pdf
format.
- There is no homework due next week (on Friday, April 20).
- Homework 25, due Friday, April 27 at 5pm, in postscript or pdf
format.
- Homework 26, due Friday, May 4 at 5pm, in postscript or pdf
format.
Typed lecture
notes are available for some lectures, not others.
- Notes 1: The Mathematical
Formalism of Quantum Mechanics, in
ps or
pdf
format (complete).
- Notes 2: The Postulates of
Quantum Mechanics, in ps or
pdf format (complete).
- Notes 3: The Density
Operator, in ps or
pdf format (complete).
- Notes 4: Spatial Degrees of
Freedom, in ps or
pdf format (complete).
- Notes 5: Time Evolution in
Quantum Mechanics, in ps or
pdf format (complete).
- Notes 6: Topics in
One-Dimensional Wave Mechanics, in ps or
pdf format (complete).
- Notes 7: The WKB Method,
in ps or
pdf format (complete).
- Notes 8: Harmonic Oscillators
and Coherent States,
in ps or
pdf format (complete).
- Notes 9: The Propagator and
the Path Integral, in ps or
pdf format (complete).
- Notes 10: Charged Particles in
Magnetic Fields, in ps or
pdf format (complete).
- Notes 11: Rotations in Ordinary
Space, in ps or
pdf format (complete).
- Notes 12: Rotations in Quantum
Mechanics, and Rotations of Spin 1/2 Systems, in
ps or
pdf format (complete).
- Notes 13: Representations of
the Angular Momentum Operators and Rotations, in
ps or
pdf format (complete).
- Notes 14: Spins in Magnetic
Fields, in ps or
pdf format (complete).
- Notes 15: Orbital Angular
Momentum and Spherical Harmonics, in ps or pdf format (complete).
- Notes 16: Central Force
Motion, in ps or pdf format (complete).
- Notes 17: Coupling of Angular
Momenta, in ps or pdf format (complete).
- Notes 18: Irreducible Tensor
Operators and the Wigner-Eckart Theorem, in ps or pdf
format (complete).
- Notes 19: Parity, in ps or pdf
format (complete).
- Notes 20: Time Reversal, in ps or pdf
format (complete).
- Notes 21: Bound-State Perturbation
Theory, in ps or pdf format (complete).
- Notes 22: The Stark Effect in Hydrogen
and Alkali Atoms, in ps or pdf format (complete).
- Notes 23: Fine Structure in Hydrogen
and Alkali Atoms, in ps or pdf format (complete).
- Notes 24: The Zeeman Effect in Hydrogen
and Alkali Atoms, in ps or pdf format (complete).
- Notes 25: Hyperfine Structure in
Atoms, in ps or pdf format (complete).
- Notes 26: The Variational
Method, in ps or pdf format (complete).
- Notes 27: Identical Particles,
in ps or pdf format (complete).
- Notes 28: Helium and Helium-like
Atoms, in ps or pdf format (complete).
- Notes 29: The Thomas-Fermi Model,
in ps or pdf format (complete).
- Notes 30: The Hartree-Fock Method in
Atoms, in ps or pdf format (complete).
- Notes 31: Elements of Atomic Structure
in Multi-Electron Atoms, in ps or pdf format (complete).
- Notes 32: Time-Dependent Perturbation
Theory, in ps or pdf format (complete).
- Notes 33: The Photoelectric
Effect, in ps or pdf format (complete).
- Notes 34: Introduction to
Scattering Theory and Scattering from Central Force
Potentials, in ps or pdf format (complete).
- Notes 35: Green's Functions in
Quantum Mechanics, in
ps or pdf format (complete).
- Notes 36: The Lippmann-Schwinger
Equation, in ps or pdf format (complete).
- Notes 37: Adiabatic Invariance,
the Geometric Phase, and the Born-Oppenheimer Approximation,
in ps or pdf format (complete).
- Notes 38: The Classical
Electromagnetic Field Hamiltonian, in ps or pdf
format (complete).
- Notes 39: Lagrangian and
Hamiltonian Formulation of the Classical Electromagnetic Field, in ps or pdf
format (complete).
- Notes 40: The Quantized
Electromagnetic Field, in ps or pdf
format (complete).
- Notes 41: Interaction of Radiation
with Matter, in ps or
pdf format (complete).
- Notes 42: Scattering of
Radiation, in ps or
pdf format (incomplete).
- Notes 43: The Klein-Gordon Equation
, in ps or
pdf format (complete).
- Notes 44: Introduction to the Dirac
Equation, in ps or
pdf format (incomplete).
- Notes 45: Lorentz Transformations
in Special Relativity, in ps or
pdf format (incomplete).
- Notes 46: Covariance of the Dirac
Equation, in ps or pdf format (incomplete).
- Appendix A: Gaussian, SI and
Other Systems of Units in Electromagnetic Theory, in ps or pdf format.
- Appendix B: Classical
Mechanics, in ps or pdf format.
- Appendix C: Gaussian
Integrals, in ps or pdf format.
- Appendix D: Vector Calculus
, in ps or pdf format.
- Appendix E: Tensor Analysis
, in ps or pdf format.
The Final (Oral)
Exam will be given during the week of May 7-12. The exam will
last one hour and twenty minutes. Please choose a time slot during
that week, and send me an email with your choice. Time slots will be
allocated on a first-come-first-serve basis.
I will try to break the 80-minute exam period into four sessions of
twenty minutes, each focusing on a topic covered in the semester.
However, once a line of questioning is started, it can go anywhere
within the material covered during the semester. Oral exams tend to
test physical understanding first and computational details second,
so let that guide you when you study.
However, if you choose (it is up to you), you can select one topic to
specialize in for one of the four 20-minute periods. This will allow
you to put your best foot forward. The topics in which you can
specialize must be taken from the following:
Time-dependent perturbation theory, with applications; scattering
theory; quantization of the electromagnetic field; emission and
absorption of radiation; the Dirac equation; relativistic
electron-photon processes in QED. I may add to the list of topics as
the semester proceeds, but this is the basic list.
You may also bring along a friend, for company and moral support, but
it cannot be someone who is scheduled to take the oral exam after you.
After you have taken your oral exam, you must not discuss it with
anyone in the class before all the exams are finished.
The grades will be on a scale from 1 to 7, but no grades will be
assigned until all the exams are completed.
Monday, May 7:
- 8:00am: Taken
- 9:30am: Taken
- 11:00am: Taken
- 12:30pm: Taken
- 2:00pm: Taken
- 3:30pm: Taken
Tuesday, May 8:
- 8:00am: Taken
- 9:30am: Taken
- 11:00am: Taken
- 12:30pm: Taken
- 2:00pm: Taken
- 3:30pm: Taken
Wednesday, May 9:
- 8:00am: Taken
- 9:30am: Taken
- 11:00am: Taken
- 12:30pm: Taken
- 2:00pm: Taken
- 3:30pm: Taken
Thursday, May 10:
- 8:00am: Taken
- 9:30am: Taken
- 11:00am: Taken
- 12:30pm: Taken
- 2:00pm: Taken
- 3:30pm: Taken
Friday, May 11:
- 8:00am: Free
- 9:30am: Free
- 11:00am: Free
- 12:30pm: Taken
- 2:00pm: Taken
- 3:30pm: Taken
Homework Solutions for Fall 2011.
Reprints.
- Table of Clebsch-Gordan
Coefficients, etc in pdf
format only.
- Bjorken and Drell, Chapter 2 in
pdf format only.
- Bjorken and Drell, Chapter 3 in
pdf format only.
- Bjorken and Drell, Chapter 4 in
pdf format only.
- Final exam from Fall
1996, in ps and pdf formats.
Links to web sites for other courses I have taught.
Physics 209, Fall 2002.
Physics 250, Fall 2008.
Extra Notes.